Oral contraceptives (birth-control pills) are used to stop pregnancy. Estrogen and progestin are two female sex hormones. Combinations of estrogen and progestin work by inhibiting ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries). They also alter the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy from developing and change the mucus at the cervix (opening of the uterus) to prevent entry of sperm. Oral contraceptives are a very successful method of birth control, but they do not prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]) and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Procedure :

Oral contraceptives come in packets of 21, 28, or 91 tablets to take by mouth once a day, every day or almost every day of a regular cycle. To minimize nausea, take oral contraceptives with food or milk. Take your oral contraceptive at the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take your oral contraceptive exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it, take it more often, or take it for a longer time than prescribed by your doctor.

Oral contraceptives come in many different brands. Different brands of oral contraceptives contain slightly different medications or doses, are taken in slightly different ways, and have different risks and benefits. Be sure that you know which brand of oral contraceptives you are using and exactly how you should use it.

If you have a 21-tablet packet, take 1 tablet daily for 21 days and then none for 7 days. Then start a new packet.

If you have a 28-tablet packet, take 1 tablet daily for 28 days in a row in the order specified in your packet. Begin a new packet the day after you take your 28th tablet. The tablets in most 28-tablet packets may have different colors. Many 28-tablet packets have certain color tablets that contain different amounts of estrogen and progestin, but also may have other color tablets which contain an inactive ingredient or a folate supplement.

If you have a 91-day tablet packet, take 1 tablet daily for 91 days. Your packet will contain three trays of tablets. Start with the first tablet on the first tray and continue taking 1 tablet every day in the order specified on the packet until you have taken all of the tablets on all of the trays. The last set of tablets is a different color. These tablets may contain an inactive ingredient, or they may contain a very low dose of estrogen. Start your new packet the day after you take your 91st tablet.

Side effects :

• Nausea, vomiting
• stomach cramps or bloating, diarrhea
• constipation, swelling of the gum tissue
• increased or decreased appetite
• weight gain or weight loss
• brown or black skin patches
• acne

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